We use a lot of different terms in search and rescue. This glossary help you keep track of them.

Air Scent Dog: A dog trained to locate the scent of any person carried in the air, often used in searches where the exact location of a subject is unknown. They work indepently off-leach, usually searching large areas and will find anyone in that area. 

Alert: A trained signal or behavior exhibited by a SAR dog to indicate that they have detected a scent or found something significant. It is how the dog lets their handler no know they found something. 

Cadaver Dog: A dog trained specifically to locate the scent of decomposing human remains. We don't really used "cadaver dog" any more. The current term is Humain Remains Detection (HRD) Dog.

False Alert: An incorrect indication by a SAR dog, usually due to environmental factors or training inconsistencies.

Grid Search: A systematic search method where a specific area is divided into grids to ensure thorough coverage.

Handler: The individual who trains, works with, and directs the SAR dog during search operations.

Humain Remains Detection (HRD) Dog: A dog trained specifically to locate the scent of decomposing human remains

Indication: A behavior or signal from the SAR dog to the handler that they have detected something of interest. An indication is something the handler observes in the dog, but it is short of the trained alert.

Live Find Dog: A dog trained to locate live humans. Most air scent dogs are live find dogs. 

Obedience Training: Basic training all SAR dogs undergo to ensure they follow commands accurately.

Refind: A behavior where an air scent SAR dog working independently off-leash finds a subject and then returns to the handler to indicate a find and then leads the handler back to the location of the subject.

Scent Cone: The pattern that a scent follows as it disperses from its source, affected by wind and terrain.

Tracking: The method by which a SAR dog follows a specific human scent trail over various terrains.

Trailing Dog: A dog trained to follow the path of a specific scent trail left by a person, often used in urban or wilderness tracking. Trailing dogs work on-leash 

Water HRD Dog: A Human Remains Detection dog trained specifically for locating human remains in water environments, such as lakes or rivers, working either from the shore or from a boat. 

During a search and rescue (SAR) incident, you might have the opportunity to assist a SAR dog team. This involves working alongside the handler and the dog as they search for airborne scents or a missing person's scent trail. Your role in such scenarios is crucial, as it allows the handler to focus exclusively on the dog's behavior and responses. Your responsibilities may include:

1. Navigation: Keeping track of your position during a hasty or trail search, or maintaining a precise grid in larger search areas.

2. Radio Operations and Communication: Managing communication channels effectively.

3. Marking: Recording alerts and olfactory clues both on the map and at the site, noting details like time and wind direction.

4. Clue Awareness: Remaining vigilant for visual and auditory clues, as in any search operation.

Your proficiency in these tasks is vital for enhancing the team's overall efficiency and success.

Rules for Working with SAR Dogs

• Pre-Search Briefing: Before commencing your task, discuss with the handler what is expected of you.

• Following the Handler’s Lead: The handler directs search tactics and knows how to utilize the dog's abilities optimally. It's important to respect their expertise.

• Positioning: Avoid standing between the handler and the dog, as it can obstruct the handler's view of the dog's alerts. The recommended position is a few yards behind the handler.

• Communication: Avoid distracting the dog while it’s working. Keep general conversation to a minimum.

• Observational Support: If you notice the dog alerting, especially if the handler is preoccupied, promptly inform them.

• Group Dynamics: Maintain a compact search party formation. Some SAR dogs may become anxious if the group spreads out, affecting their search focus.

• Assisting with Alerts: If asked to hold a position during a dog alert, do so diligently. Mark the spot and direction of the handler and dog on your map.

• Wind Awareness: Be conscious of air movement changes, as they may affect search tactics.

• Safety Awareness: Be alert to potential dangers to the dog, such as traffic, hunters, or hostile environments.

• Active Searching: Continue to utilize your training in spotting and assessing potential clues, and engage in attraction methods if appropriate.

In Case of a Find

• Communication and Coordination: Be ready to communicate the location and condition of the found person to the base and assist in guiding the rescue team.

• Supporting the Handler: If the handler is occupied with critical tasks, you may be asked to reward the dog. This can involve activities that the dog enjoys, like playing or cuddling.

• Canine Care: If tasked with escorting the dog back to base, inquire about specific care needs like feeding, watering, and rest. The wellbeing of the dog is a priority until the handler reclaims them.

Adhering to these guidelines ensures that you contribute effectively to the SAR operation, supporting both the handler and the canine in their critical search efforts.

Joining the Allegheny Mountain Rescue Group for search and rescue missions is not just an activity, it's a commitment to a unique way of life, especially when it involves partnering with a skilled search dog. The bond between a dog and its handler is crucial for success, but achieving this requires a significant investment of time, energy, and financial resources. Here are some key considerations to evaluate if this path is right for you:

• Training Commitment: Are you ready to train extensively, possibly for a couple of years, before you and your dog can actively participate in searches? This includes ongoing group training, often sacrificing your weekends.
• Physical and Mental Preparation: Search and rescue operations demand resilience. Can you handle Pennsylvania's challenging weather conditions, navigate tough terrains, and endure physical discomfort, including potentially carrying a patient for miles
• Personal Lifestyle: Do you enjoy the outdoors enough to spend your leisure time in the wilderness? Is your job flexible enough to accommodate sudden search missions, even if it means waking up in the early hours or traveling long distances?
• Financial Considerations: Are you prepared for the financial aspects, including equipment costs, travel expenses for training courses, and other related expenses?
• Emotional Strength: Are you mentally prepared for the realities of search and rescue, including the possibility of finding deceased victims? Can you maintain a rewarding relationship with your dog in these scenarios?
• Additional Training: Beyond dog handling, are you willing to undergo medical and specialized training necessary for a professional rescuer?
• Openness to Feedback: Can you accept guidance and criticism from experienced handlers and be open to new training methods and certifications?
• Long-term Commitment: If you don't already own a suitable dog, are you ready to integrate one into your family for life, regardless of its success as a search dog?
• Teamwork and Leadership: Can you work well under command, yet also stand your ground when necessary? Are you able to collaborate effectively with a diverse team?
• Personal Development: Are you proactive in enhancing your skills and coping with frustrations?
• Trust in Your Dog: Are you willing to trust your dog's instincts, even when they seem counterintuitive?
• Role of the Dog: Is the dog a central part of your life or just one among many?
• Interest Beyond Canine Partnership: Would you still be interested in search and rescue work without a canine companion?

This role is suited for a wide range of individuals, whether you're a dog enthusiast needing to adapt to the outdoor survival skills or an outdoor or public safety professional learning to understand and connect with a search dog. But it is a lot of work. 

In addition to you being a good fit for search and rescue, so does your dog. 

As a search dog handler, one of the most imporant things you will do is pick your search dog partner and decide which search discipline to focus on together.  

If you already have a dog and you want to get into get into SAR together, AMRG's Canine Training Officer will work with you to evaluatue if your dog it a good match for search work. There is no guarantee that your dog will be the right blend of physical, temportental, drive characteristics, but we will help you fiture that out. You might have an older dogs you you want to train SAR, that is possible, but the process tends to be more challenging and time-consuming. Additionally, the operational lifespan of an older dog once it becomes certified is going to shorter than if you start with a puppy. 

When considering a canine partner for search and rescue (SAR) work, it's crucial to evaluate if your dog is suited for this demanding role. Here are key factors we consider, ensuring that both you and your dog are prepared for the unique challenges of SAR missions.

• Breed and Age Suitability: Is your dog of a breed or mix, and age, that is generally considered suitable for search work? Some breeds have natural inclinations towards SAR tasks, but individual characteristics are equally important.
• Temperament: Does your dog exhibit a stable temperament? Look for qualities like being outgoing, confident, calm, and non-aggressive. Consider how your dog interacts with children and other animals, as these interactions can be a part of SAR operations.
• Problem-Solving and Sensory Skills: A key trait for SAR dogs is intelligence, especially in problem-solving. Observe if your dog uses their sense of smell effectively to locate things, a critical skill in search operations.
• Physical Health and Athleticism: Your canine partner should be in excellent health and display good athletic abilities. SAR operations often involve navigating challenging terrains and enduring physical demands.
• Bonding and Reliability: Is your dog closely bonded to you, preferring your company over other activities? This bond is crucial in SAR work. Additionally, assess if your dog is reliable off-leash, an essential requirement for effective search missions.
• Manners and Obedience: A well-mannered, obedient dog is easier to manage in the unpredictable environments of SAR operations. Assess your dog's obedience and behavior in various situations.
• Willingness to Share Risks: SAR work involves inherent risks. Are you prepared to expose your dog to a certain level of risk, and do you believe they can handle these challenges confidently?

Remember, not every dog is cut out for search and rescue work, and that's okay. The Allegheny Mountain Rescue Group values the safety and well-being of both handlers and their canine partners. This evaluation helps ensure that both you and your dog are ready for the rewarding yet demanding path of SAR missions.

Training a dog for search and rescue (SAR) work is a rigorous and demanding process, with various factors influencing the success and efficiency of the training. 

Interested in search dog work, but don't have a dog yet? You can become a very succesful SAR dog handler by first focusing on your own SAR skills, responding to searches without a dog, and learning about different kinds of dogs.   Once you are ready, you can pick a well suited canine partner and jump in to training your dog and yourself for canine SAR.  This approach underscores the importance of thorough preparation and understanding of SAR work's complexities, ensuring a strong foundation for both the handler and the dog when they finally team up for this critical and lifesaving work.

The best results are usually achieved when handlers start with a young dog, and experianed handlers often choose a puppy specifically for SAR work and begin training as early as seven or eight weeks old. Starting with young dog will learn faster, have a longer operational career, and sets the handler up for the highest likelihood of success. We can help you select a puppy or you dog and get off to a good start. 

To ensure safety and effectiveness, all dogs must pass a subject safety test before participating in searches and undergo an evaluation by a team member before joining training sessions. The Allegheny Mountain Rescue Group maintains strict standards, excluding aggressive dogs from the team.

For More Information

The American Rescue Dog Association (ARDA) has published a book: Search and Rescue Dogs: Training the K-9 Hero.  If you wish to start training with us, contact us and come out to a canine training (without your dog for the first time) to learn more about what we do.

Allegheny Mountain Rescue Group is an all-volunteer search and rescue unit based in Pittsburgh, PA. AMRG is a member of the Mountain Rescue Association, the Pennsylvania Search and Rescue Council, and the Appalachian Search and Rescue Conference. AMRG has a group of canine handlers and dogs integrated into a comprehensive SAR team that provides management, ground searchers, wilderness medical responders, communications and rescue personnel for lost person and wilderness rescue incidents.

If you cannot train with a canine partner at this time, or find the commitment too demanding, AMRG offers many opportunities to participate in other facets of search and rescue.

Contact us for more information about canine search and rescue, or becoming a member of AMRG.